This book will change your life

                    

By Bayo Ogunmupe

This book will also allow you to live by different and personal rules. If you are open, the universe will conspire to bring you the right book at the right time you need it. A friend will suggest a book to you, or it might be sitting on a table at a book fair. Perhaps its cover catches your eye as you walk through your favourite  bookshop. Indeed, a book will come across your path when you are ready to meet it; particularly when the wisdom within its pages speaks to a particular problem you are struggling to solve. I am fortunate when a book finds me at just the right time to spell out ways to underscore my values. Good luck happens when you are open to learning new ideas and ready to internalize and implement its wisdom into your life.

    The Four Agreements: A Practical guide to Personal Freedom, written by don Miquel Ruiz, is the book that found me just when I needed it. I have internalized its wisdom over the years. It is one of the books in my library I revisit at least once a year to remind me the essentials of living my best life- these four agreements. I think of them often when I need a reminder. Then I wake up early someday to go through it before going to the office. The results from this mindful practice are a more manageable life with self control. The agreements bring me my personal power and get me out of the reaction mode. living in reaction isn't healthy. Nor does it come from a position of strength.

    Awareness and mindfulness are the keys to re-conditioning our brains  to a place of power. A new mindset changes your perspective. The Four Agreements help you achieve brings a state of bliss which brings you into your power, giving you balance. The First Agreement is: be impeccable with your word. Words have power to lift and destroy. Words are part of your furniture that hang in the air, permeating every part of the room, so utter them with mindfulness. When you speak impeccable language, you speak with integrity; say only what you mean; you don't speak ill of others and you don't speak negatively of yourself. You silence your inner critic and you rid your mind of irrational chatter. By imbibing this agreement, you will experience less negativity in your life. experience less conflict with the people around you.

    The second agreement, don't take anything personally; by its practice your life will change. When someone insults you, belittles your talent, this isn't about you. It is about them. You do not have to accept their judgment. By practicing this agreement, you accept that other people have their own unique identity and their own reality that you don't have anything to do with. By this acceptance, you recognize that the other person's opinions of you do not necessarily describe you. But the caveat is that this applies to the praises and good stuff they say about you also. Taking things personally means that you agree with what others are accusing you of; and you don't have to. You should choose not to allow it to affect you. Being the only one in control of your thoughts, you should not give it any space in your brain.

    Nothing others think or say about you is really about you. Other people see the world with different eyes. Everyone has a different truth. Your truth is different from that of others.  The third agreement is that you don't make assumptions. It is a mistake for you to assume you can read everyone's mind accurately. Nine times out of ten you will be wrong; so don't attempt it. Knowing you cannot read minds frees you from unwarranted assumptions. Assumptions cause misunderstanding among people. Instead of assuming, ask. Be ready for the truth when you ask it. Practice healthy communications; it is the key to healthy relationships. The fourth and final agreement is, always do your best. Stop worrying about failure; just do your best. Let go of your past mistakes. Learn to say no to unwarranted requests from others.

Lessons I learned about making money (2)

                   

 By Bayo Ogunmupe

    "Ninety five people out of a hundred settle for whatever they get, wishing they had more all the way from the cradle to the casket, never understanding that they could actually have had all they wanted." As a literary critic, I mainly work with people who are already motivated to improve themselves and create a life of excellence. And even though most of my customers are already into topics like mindset, law of attraction and abundance, the majority don't actually believe they can have it all. They would have liked to make it big in life, but they settle for whatever they get.

    But most of the time, it's out of convenience. The would have liked to achieve big results, but they can't convince themselves it would be worth giving their all, so they refuse to go the extra mile. Most people want more money than they really need; which is why they settle for a lot less than they could get. Although luck plays some part in financial success, it is never sufficient in itself. In effect, money must always be earned.

    In my researches on luck, what brings luck is preparation for success. Thus, some people were lucky enough to be born into a rich family and will probably never need to work. But then they will miss being achievers. Which is why I don't care about the lucky and their circumstances. Luck doesn't bother me inasmuch as being prepared for my opportunity. I just focus on things that I can influence or control and that is where I can seize financial success. There are no free rides in this life. The only people making money the easy way either work in the mint or are on their way to jail, if they have not already arrived there. Cases in point are some of Nigeria's state governors who are now in jail decades after leaving office.

    Confiscating  looted properties and jailing Nigerian corrupt leaders is a question of time; Providence will always provide the circumstances and the plague. When money is stolen and stashed away in a vault, it will exposed because according to Proctor, "Money is not meant to be taken out of circulation, rather, it is meant to be used, enjoyed and circulated." Looters are always afraid of using money because it will expose them immediately. Money is not meant to be locked up in a vault. It is to be invested. Money is energy which increases if you use it. If you don't use it it depreciates and fade away.

    People don't feel comfortable once they have money. But people have it because they feel confident and comfortable with it. Money is a mind game. "The best way to develop a prosperity consciousness is to start seeing yourself, in your mind's eye, already in possession of the amount of money that you desire." If you don't believe you can possess more money, you won't. Visualization is a powerful tool at our disposal, but only a tiny amount of humans use it.  I know many doubt the law of attraction and techniques like manifestation. However, it doesn't matter if you don't believe in it. Universal laws work equally for everyone, the law of attraction is one of them.

To Save Nigeria: Let's talk

                    

By Bayo Ogunmupe

    The pamphlet, To Save Nigeria: Let's talk are proposals as amendments to the Constitution by the former minister of Information, Prince Tony Momoh. It was originally presented to President Ebele Jonathan's National Constitutional Conference of 2014. This second edition was published in 2019 in anticipation of the 9th National Assembly's amendments to the Constitution. In paperback, it has seven parts, two prefaces and an epilogue. The volume has 36 pages.

    In his preface to the second edition, Prince Momoh reiterated the need to revisit the review of the Nigerian Constitution because of the high cost of governance we're experiencing with the present Constitution. The need to write this small book arose because of the dust being raised by the people on the high cost of Nigeria's type of democracy; for in Nigeria money to sustain growth is being squandered on the paraphernalia of democracy.

    The necessity of addressing the high cost of governance through decongesting the political space. These are full time membership of the legislative arm, constituency project maintenance and  legislative aides and others are all the more imperative if we are to enjoy the dividends of democracy in due time. The outcry for reform started in 2002, according to Momoh, it culminated in the 2005 Constitution Reform Conference of President Olusegun Obasanjo. This issue resurfaced in 2014 at the Dialogue packaged by President Jonathan, where we thought something concrete would emerge but which never went beyond the book shelf.

    Up till now, the elite aren't listening, even though they're in charge of the nation. The elite has refused to call the shots, they are at home in sharing the national cake rather than taking part in the baking. Sadly, the political will to create an egalitarian regime rather than the present  lucrative business version of democracy, continues to elude us. According to the author, our Constitution is the roadmap to glory. We don't need a referendum, we can change it within 48 hours if the elite wish to exercise their will for change.

      Now that we're agreed to restructure the country because we are neither developing nor making progress, we have to talk. All of us stakeholders of the Nigerian enterprise must talk and decide our preferences through consensus. Through this medium, Prince Momoh suggests we restructure Nigeria so that we can have a truly federal arrangement where the federating units are viable and cost effective. What is proposed as restructuring is a rearrangement of existing constituent parts  as follows: the present three tier arrangement of federal government, state government and local government  will be replaced by a new three tier arrangement of federal, regional and state government.

    The local government system reflected today in the present three tier government should be an affair of the regional government which will ensure its existence, structure and funding. Prince Momoh pleads from his heart that we save Nigeria by looking its problems in the face, dispassionately and solving them so that though tribes and tongues may differ in the Nigerian arrangement, in brotherhood we can stand. For, the sacrifices we make today will make the difference between joy and sorrow, dispersion of families for our children and their children. Therefore, let us sow joy that in the future our offspring shall never reap sorrow. Nigerians are severely stressed because the structures to make it function are faulty. Governance has been turned to a national bakery where those who work in it share the bread they refuse to help bake.

    Protecting the people and their property has not been carried out effectively. For example, an assistant director at Aso Villa, Laetitia Naankang Dagan was recently gruesomely murdered in her house at City Estate, Lokogama, Abuja by hoodlums. She was killed by  those whose activities she had reported to the Police. Obviously, her report had been leaked to the suspects who decided to exact their revenge on the unsuspecting woman. That can only happen in a nation in disarray. Two, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission is currently investigating the diversion of funds in 2008 totalling N35 billion at the Ministry of Defence. The fund was in respect of the purchase of arms for the defence of the realm. Involved were a former minister, former Chief of Staff and ministry officials as having benefited from the misappropriation of funds. That is happening because Nigeria is a state of ebullition.

    Looking back to May 29, 1999 the day we started the walk on the Democracy highway, it is obvious the cost of sustaining the political arms of each tier is becoming unbearable. The President has said so, and so has the president of the senate. Our expenditure profile shows we spend about 92 percent of our resources on recurrent expenditure. The eight percent left is too little for funding development. This is the reason we're befriending China and are bent on getting loans from her. It is the reason why we could not muster uninterrupted power supply since independence in 1960. For progress, it is therefore imperative for us to make changes.

    We are a federation, thus, we must operate as a federation. The 36 states are too weak and too indigent to constitute the federating units. The present zones that have naturally emerged are six; they should constitute the federating units. We either convert them to states or make them regions. The powers of the centre are too many. Government is too involved in businesses which promotes corruption. When government is decongested, the economy will automatically be deregulated. Political deregulation must precede economic deregulation. Section 16 of the Constitution is ruining the national economy. The author, Prince Momoh hereby proposes the following changes as summarized by the reviewer.

    "We should retain the three tier arrangement of central government, regional government and state government. The central government will continue to be headed by an elected president..... If we revert to the Westminster model, then the Prime Minister will be elected from his constituency and the problem of religious politics will automatically disappear." Its law- making body should be the present 109 member Senate. The powers of the centre should be reduced. Only the powers that would mould the federating units should be retained. There should be six regional governments on the lines that have emerged as zones: North Central, North East, North West; South East, South South and South West. The 36 states shouldn't be the federating units.

    The law making bodies of the regions should be those elected from the present House of Representatives constituencies. Each region should be headed by a governor. he may be elected by the region or appointed by the party that forms the majority in the Regional House. All of the powers moved from the centre should be anchored in the Regional and state governments. The office of executive governor should be redesigned premier as we had in the First Republic. All members of the state executive council should come from the House of Assembly. The expense of electing the state governor to straddle the state treasury and do what he likes  with it, as has happened since May 29, 1999 can be saved and channeled to the development of the state. Prince Momoh avers that the 774 local governments should  revert to the Westminster local government system of the First Republic.

    In conclusion, the author outlined how to effect the changes. According to him, the changes can be effected constitutionally if we have the political will to do so. The Council of State as provided for under section 153(1)(b) of the Constitution has power to discuss any matter referred to it by the President. The President should table it before the Council outlining the problems of sustaining the present structure imposed by the military. If the Council agrees, the Federal Attorney General and his colleagues in the federation will prepare necessary documents that will reflect changes needed.  The changes will be sent to the lawmakers through the appropriate channels. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives  will cause them ratified without debate by the National Assembly. With endorsement of the state houses of assembly, the new Constitution becomes operational as provided for by section 9 of the Constitution.

    Prince Tony Momoh is the author of many books and pamphlets. He is a lawyer, journalist and politician. An alumnus of the Universities of Nigeria and Lagos; earned degrees in mass communication in 1967 and law in 1974 and was called to the Nigerian Bar in 1975. He has been Minister of Information and Culture; Chairman, African Ministers of Information; Chairman, Board of Nigeria Airways; General Manager, Times Publications Division, Editor, Daily Times; fellow, Nigerian Guild of Editors and chairman Accreditation Board, Nigeria Union of Journalists. He is the Yerima of Auchi kingdom; the former national chairman, Congress for Progressive Change, one of the parties that merged to form the All Progressives Congress. Presently, he is the Pro- Chancellor and Chairman, the Governing Council of the University of Jos.

   

What I learned about making money (3)

    If you really want to increase the amount of money you are presently earning, the first thing you must do is to stop paying attention to what others around you are saying or doing. You are to pay more attention to what that quiet voice  speaking within you, is saying. Most people who fail to accumulate enough money to live in the lifestyle of their dreams are those most easily influenced by the opinion of others. Even though you love your mum and your mum loves you; if your mum didn't achieve the financial success that you are striving for, it makes sense for you not to listen to her advice. Instead talk to someone who is already wealthy and can give you profound advice in terms of finances.

    "Thinking is the highest function a human being is capable of doing. Unfortunately, very people think. They merely trick themselves into believing they are thinking when they're exercising their faculty called "memory." You have power to think. In your exercise of that power, create a reality wilder than your wildest dreams. Use that incredible power to transform the way you think, feel and make money. As soon as you hold thoughts of prosperity and think of yourself as a wealthy, prosperous person who is surrounded  and swimming in a sea of plenty, your body and mind will instantly move to a prosperous vibration and you will begin to attract, like a magnet, everything necessary for you to become wealthy,

    You must begin to see money as an obedient, diligent servant, that you can employ to earn more money. And that you can use to provide services far beyond the service you could ever physically provide. Money is evil. Money spoils character. The rich get richer, the poor get poorer. These limiting statements are the beliefs of the mediocre and impoverished. Lack and limitation can only exist when you make room for them in your mind. When you allow limiting beliefs to dominate your mind you remain small.  Your first step to live in abundance is to believe in it and focus your mind on wealth. Distant yourself from small minded people. You think and act big in order to create big results.

    It is an absolute law of life that you must have something mentally before you will ever have it physically. If you cannot imagine yourself living in abundance and financial freedom, you won't ever be able to create that reality. The law of attraction reacts both ways. You can attract wealth, but you also attract misery. It is according to your choice. Think of the things you would do with that money or executive position, and then mentally start doing them. Since your subconscious mind cannot tell the difference between actuality and visualization, this exercise will quickly help you develop the prosperity consciousness. But you must understand that thinking by itself, isn't enough, you must reinforce it with action.

    One of the world's most distinguished psychologists, William James (1842-1910) concluded that the average individual uses a small portion (about 10 percent) of his potential. And so you are capable of so much more than you think. Life isn't about playing it small. It is about taking risks, learning from our mistakes in order to grow into an even better person and unleashing our full potential. You were not made to play it safe and do the same things for 90 years until you finally die. Most people live intellectually or morally in restriction. They use a small portion of their consciousness and creative resources, much like a person who uses only a finger out of his whole bodily organism.

The mindsets that build wealth

   

                        By Bayo Ogunmupe

    To succeed in life, stop playing not to lose and start playing to win. Winners are not afraid of losing. But losers are always afraid to lose and they often lose. Failure is part of the process of success. When you are avoiding failure, you are also avoiding success. Robert Kiyosaki, a famous entrepreneurship expert and co-author of many books with U.S President Donald Trump says he had two dads as a child. he had his own father and the father of his best friend. These his two fathers were very different when it came to dealing with finances. Robert learned what not to do to be rich from his own dad and what to do to be rich from the other. One helped him avoid staying poor, the other helped him get rich.

    Kiyosaki's book: Rich Dad Poor Dad is a modern classic of personal finance. It's my favorite finance book which I read again and again. Through it Kiyosaki delivers his captivating lessons on finance. If it weren't so captivating, the book wouldn't have sold 32 million copies in three years. The first lesson to help you escape poverty and build wealth is that fear and greed are keeping you in the rat race, only self education will get you out of it. You are afraid to exit the rat race because you think people will brand you "weird." You are allowing fear and greed to dominate your decision making, which is why you are still sticking to the old mantra, "Go to school, get a job, play it safe, when in reality no job is safe anymore. Whenever you get a raise at your job or a manna from heaven, the wise choice would be to invest the extra money in assets that build wealth like stocks or bonds.

    Maybe you find a good stock with 60 percent chance of doubling your money  within a year; but a 40 percent chance of losing it all. However, most likely  because of your greed and fear, of playing not to lose the money altogether, you will keep yourself from investing. Instead, you might spend the extra money to improve your lifestyle, like buying a car, with payments eating up the money. This way you're guaranteed to lose 100 percent. This shows the importance of educating yourself financially. Sadly we receive neither entrepreneurship nor financial education in school or college, so it's up to you to educate yourself for life. It is for this reason that many Nigerians don't save anything for their retirement.

    Two, adopt the mindset of "work to learn" instead of "work to earn." And be smart with your money. Take a job in a field you know nothing about, such as sales, customer service or communications; in order for you to develop new skills: you never know what they might be useful for in the future. Each month, make sure you buy books, attend courses and seminars on personal finance and start building your financial intelligence. The first step toward building wealth lies in the mindset of managing risks instead of avoiding them. Studies about investment will teach you that's better not to play it safe because that means missing out on big potential rewards. Start small that you can treat the money as if it's gone, so that you will worry less about losing it. Kiyosaki suggests creating an "I want" and "I don't want" list; like I want to retire at 50 or I don't want to end up broke like my poor uncle.

    Three, finally, use your money to acquire assets, not liabilities. Assets are stocks, bonds, real estate that you rent out or lease and anything that generates money that increases in value over time. Liabilities are cars, electronics with maintenance costs and periodical payments. This includes a house with a mortgage and of course debt. Anything that takes money out of your pocket periodically is a liability. There is no rush to change your situation, just stay at whatever job you're holding and "mind your own business." In this case it is your job that pays the bills and your business is what makes you wealthy. Then, build your business and use it to invest in assets which eventually become the primary source of your income. The most important thing is that you start today. As you are your own biggest asset, so the first thing you should put money into is yourself. Kudos to Kiyosaki who wrote Rich Dad Poor Dad to tell the story of a boy with two fathers to help you build a life of wealth and freedom.

How men agonize over feminism

                    

By Bayo Ogunmupe

    Feminism: The Agony of men is the bestselling book on spirituality written by the distinguished media guru, Michael Owhoko. Published in December 2018 by the American publishing house, Westbow Press, Bloomington, Indiana; the paperback novelette  makes compelling reading. The hundred page volume has seven chapters, an introduction, a preface and a conclusion. Most people think marriage is an easy venture, which is why they jump into it without due diligence. It is later that they realize the complexity of the institution they have committed into. To complicate men's agony, while God created marriage in a specific way, women of today now believe and claim the same  rights and authority  as the men, leading to undue unrest in marriages.

        Thus, agitation by women has forced marriages to become an institution where there are no longer definite roles for husband and wife as God intended. Feminism: The Agony of Men shows how the feminist movement which advocates equal rights, opportunity and authority between men and women, has caused unending tension between men and women both in marriages and relationships outside of marriage. The feminist agenda has left men agonizing in the world as his spouse now claims equal partnership in marriage with equal rights, privileges, authority and opportunity. Until the philosophy behind feminism is curbed, connubial friction will continue to plague marriages and this will eventually lead to the collapse of the marriage institution in the world.

    Therefore, Owhoko's Feminism is an exegesis on the agony men go through since the emergence of the feminist ideology in the world today. In the book, the author calls for restraint from women, allowing the old order to prevail. Which is why the first two chapters are devoted to marriage, and the pillars of marriage. While the author based his research on the Bible; it appears the feminists rely more on normative logic as a new epistemological system of analytical reasoning and cognition. Though the author excels in presenting the biblical points of view in marriage, there are good points to imbibe in the feminist ideology. Owhoko, here unveils the woman, the mystery behind her and the subtle contradictions between the two sexes. He blames the woman for veering away from her natural role to question the leadership the man over her.

    According to the author, Genesis 2:18 sets the tone for marriage with insight that marriage is an institution ordained by God, who has instructed us to solemnise the act. "Implicitly, God wants us to be involved in the institution of marriage as part of a commitment to fulfil its command of procreation aimed at populating the earth. God wants us to develop the earth as the earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof, as expressed in Psalm 24.1. Just like the way a landowner would want his property developed, God wants the earth to be developed, as He abhors vacuum. This can only be brought to pass through the institution of marriage."

    But prior to the creation of the woman, the provision of food, shelter and clothing as the basic needs of the family, was the the sole responsibility of the man. That was the order in the Garden of Eden before Eve joined Adam. However after Eve's creation, she began to play a supportive role as helper. This natural order finds premise in Ephesians 5:21-25, which says that the husband is the head of the wife even as the Christ is the head of the church and the Savior of the body. "Therefore as the Church is subject onto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in everything. Husbands love your wives even as Christ also loved the Church and gave himself for it." And the father has the responsibility as a protector, provider, promoter, priest and prophet.

    And with the five factors, "namely God, love, money, sex and health, which I have termed the five pillars of marriage, the union is bound to experience peace. On the contrary, the absence of any of these catalysts could trigger crisis in marriage." But even then, in all of these the woman's role as helper, supporter and pillar is clear. "The woman was not created to compete for the leadership position with the man under the same roof, nor was she made to nurse an ambition to play the role of head within the same household." However, the World Conference on Women at the forefront of the fight for the emancipation of women, agitating for gender equality is propagating feminism to the detriment of family unity and world peace.

    The World Conference on Women has not been helpful "to the natural essence of womanhood on earth. Its position clearly negates the natural role and position of woman in creation. The objective of the conference has certainly crossed the naturally assigned jurisdiction in its fight for gender equality." This, certainly was not the intention of the United Nations General Assembly when it passed Resolution 3010, stating that 1975 should be celebrated as International Women's Year, which was the precursor to the first Conference on Women held in Mexico City in 1975. Though the conference asserted the contributions of women to world peace, it failed to target the home as the sphere where their efforts are needed.

    Accordingly, the author affirms that "feminism is antithetical to a peaceful marriage.....responsible for unnecessary tensionresulting from gender crisis  in corporate organizations." Thus, feminism is not needed to advance the cause of women's rights and opportunities. "What women need is humility to accept the role God has given them as helper, so that the marriage institution can be preserved and enjoyed." What is needed is gender partnership that will support the common good of both the husband and wife. Working at cross purposes will only inflame passions and ruin marriages. Mankind must be rescued from feminism. It promotes discontent in the home. "Let the world move to save the marriage institution from the raging scourge of feminism."

    The author of Feminism: The Agony of Men, Michael Owhoko is a distinguished media and public relations practitioner. He earned degrees in politics and journalism and is the publisher of Media Issues, an online newspaper that can be found at: www.mediaissuesng.com. Also, he is the author of Nigeria on the Precipice and The Language of Oil and Gas which was the culmination of his work experience in banking, oil and gas. Though a globe trotter, the fear of Coronavirus has restricted him to commuting between his home state of Delta and Lagos.

How they contract coronavirus disease

                    By Bayo Ogunmupe

    The virus that causes covid-19 can persist in aerosol form. but the potential for transmission depends on many factors. these factors include infectiousness, dose and ventilation. Coronavirus is known to be spread via large droplets that fall to the ground. It can also be spread by smaller airborne particles. Six months into the pandemic that has claimed 5,482,799 confirmed cases in the world and with 346,100 deaths. In Nigeria, we have 7,839 cases, 2,263 discharged and 226 deaths as at the time of writing. Covid-19 has also decimated economies, sent German and Nigerian economies into recession. Sadly, scientists still lack a complete understanding of how the virus that cause it is transmitted.

    Lockdowns are already easing in Europe, Australia, canada and the United States. People are now returning to a version of work and social life. Reusable, sterilized face masks, affordable hand sanitizers approved by NAFDAC are in use as protection against the disease. According to Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO), Covid-19 is primarily spread by droplets from someone who is coughing, sneezing or even talking within a few feet away. But other reports hint that it could be transmitted through particles suspended in the air.

    After attending a choir practice in Washington State, USA, in early March, dozens of people were diagnosed with developed symptoms of Covid-19 even though they had not shaken hands or stood close to one another; two of them died. After dining at an air-conditioned restaurant in China in late January, three families at neighboring tables became sickened with the virus through droplets blown through the air. To address the airborne spread of the dreaded disease, it is first necessary to understand what scientists mean by "airborne." The term refers to the transmission of tiny respiratory droplets that can remain suspended in the air (known as droplet nuclei)- as opposed to larger droplets that fall to the ground within a few feet. In reality, the difference between droplets and aerosols is not clear.

    Airborne spread has been hypothesized for other deadly coronaviruses, including the one that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). A handful of studies suggest the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, can exist as an aerosol in health care settings. But much remain unknown about whether aerosolized virus is infectious and what amount of virus one needs to be exposed to in order to become sick. Even if aerosol transmission does occur, it isn't clear yet how common it is, compared with other transmission routes, such as droplets or surfaces.

    The strongest evidence of airborne transmission of Covid-19 comes from a study published in late April in Nature. In it researchers measured the virus genetic material, or RNA, in aerosols sampled in February and March at two hospitals in Wuhan, China the city where the outbreak of Covid-19 began. The researchers found low levels of airborne viral RNA in the hospitals' isolation wards and in ventilated patient rooms. But they found higher levels of airborne viruses in patients' toilet areas. They also found high levels of viral RNA in places where medical workers remove protective gear, as well as in two crowding prone locations near the hospitals. The studies proved the existence of aerosol transmission as a non negligible route from infected carriers to someone nearby.